- Home >> Solution >> Education >> smart toys
Intelligent Robot Solution
As a future-oriented modern technology, robotics involves related disciplines such as sensors, computers, communications, control, artificial intelligence, microelectronics and other technical disciplines, bionics, material science, mathematical methods and many other disciplines. Robotics can be considered as a high-tech like network, gene, communication, computer technology and so on.
1. Introduction to intelligent robot technology
The definition of a robot in the mouth of Chinese scientists is a highly flexible automated machine, because it has some intelligent capabilities such as perception, planning, movement, and coordination capabilities, which are similar to humans or creatures, so its definition is in our eyes. There are many kinds. A set of robots mainly includes: (1) Sensors on or around the equipment, which can provide useful information feedback to the equipment by sensing the surrounding environment. (2) Wheel disc platforms, arms, or other mechanical equipment that can interact with the surrounding environment. (3) Control the system to perform specified actions according to the actual situation and process the sensor input according to the operation of the equipment.
Robots that can effectively improve the output and quality of products are the most primitive form of industrial robots, widely used in assembly, cutting, welding, rust removal, painting, etc., effectively improving people's working conditions. As an inevitable development trend and fundamental result, robots are expected to be widely used and developed in society in the near future.
Industrial robots and special robots are two categories that experts who study robots divide robots into two categories based on application needs. Industrial robots refer to robots that are multi-joint manipulators or multi-degree-of-freedom robots for industrial manufacturing, and are used in non-manufacturing industries and various advanced robots that serve humans, that is, special robots other than the above-mentioned industrial robots. At present, from the perspective of application needs, robots are also divided into two categories by international scholars who study robots: one is industrial robots in the production environment. The other category is service and bionic robots in non-industrial manufacturing environments.
Our country has made remarkable achievements in all aspects of industrial robots, special robots and intelligent robots. Although our country's robotics research started late, it has made rapid progress. In order to make our country's robots more advanced, we need to increase the research and development of single-chip technology.
2. SCM technology and intelligent robot control system
2.1 Drive system
The core operation of the single-chip microcomputer for the kinetic energy control of the robot control system is to apply chip technology to integrate the chip to drive the chip to achieve this requirement. In order to control the drive of the robot, it is necessary to strengthen and amplify the weaker current signal, and to control the operation motor after the drive relay. In order to effectively protect the base and amplify the current, a triode is added to the drive module. The unique feature of an automatic switch relay in the drive module is that it protects and converts the circuit, and then makes the circuit reverse to realize the automatic circuit. The adjustment function is used to operate simple actions such as forward and backward of the machine. The application of this technology depends on the drive module circuit. The advantage of this current input is that it will not interfere with the synchronous operation of other control systems, and the drive motor can run safely. The accuracy of the robot's forward and backward movements is guaranteed.
2.2 Vision control system
The name of the robot vision system actually refers to the system that converts the signal into a signal that the robot can recognize, and then analyzes and interprets the image of the object in the external environment to identify the object. The visual capture and recognition functions of the human eye can be completed by the robot through the robot's vision system. The process of the actual movement of the robot is, firstly, the real-time positioning is carried out through the positioning sensor, after analog-to-digital conversion, and then the signal power is amplified, and finally the position information is received and transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer. Comparing the received signal with the single-chip microcomputer with the initial threshold value and then performing filtering processing, and finally feeding back the obtained signal to the drive motor, the control system will automatically adjust, and the robot will walk in different directions according to the frequency of the input signal of the motor speed. Robots recognize the external world entirely through visual perception technology.
2.3 Ground detection system
The ground detection system draws on the imitation of the human auditory function, and uses the robot's acceptance function to judge the sound signal through filtering and convert it into an execution command. The robot automatically performs corresponding operations through the control system. When the sub-ultrasonic module installed on the robot will perform corresponding operations through the control system, when the sensor receives an external sub-ultrasonic signal, it will automatically imitate the human auditory function. In order to trigger the control module on the single-chip microcomputer (for sub-ultrasonic signal reception) during simulation, a photoelectric switch is specially designed on the switch module. In order to keep the switch on the microcontroller, the default signal received by the control switch is a low level signal.
2.4 Correcting pace system
Two optocouplers are installed in the flaps on the legs of the robot. During the walking test of the robot, the opening and closing of the optocouplers are controlled by the flaps on the legs in a reciprocating manner. The normal walking of the robot relies on the single-chip microcomputer correction step system. When the corresponding control unit of the system receives alternate and intermittent signals, if the signals received by the control system are superimposed and continuous, it means that the front and rear steps of the robot are uncoordinated. The walking of the robot is corrected by the step correction system. The direct cause of the different walking steps of the robot's two feet is that the general rotation speed of the two feet is different. In the actual movement of the robot, the front, rear, left, and right coordination steps are disorderly, and it can only be corrected by means of a step correction system (mainly realized by an optocoupler).
3. Development scheme of intelligent robot control system
The robot's intelligent walking and various sensory functions can be realized by the single-chip microcomputer control technology. After the robot is started, it needs to be able to perform normal walking movements. It can send commands similar to "searching for targets" to the robot through voice. As a corresponding operation command, the prompt "searching for targets" will appear on the LCD screen. When moving towards the specified target, the system will prompt when the robot finds the specified target through the language system. When the robot finds obstacles during its forward movement, it will use the corresponding visual control system and infrared ranging system. In order to change the route and avoid obstacles, the relative position between the obstacle object and the robot is measured, and corresponding prompts will appear on the LCD screen. When triggered by an obstacle, the operation of the language system will be activated, the tactile system will be triggered during the walking of the robot, the controller will receive the corresponding voice prompt, and the system will report the corresponding situation at the same time; the system has a special fault in the road ahead, etc. , give a corresponding voice warning and make a step back or stop operation. In order to ensure the normal walking of the robot, the correcting step system will start when the robot has a wrong step during the walking process, and correct the out-of-synchronization problem of the motor.
4. Example of bluetooth smart robot solution design
With the development of science and technology, human beings have successfully developed many modern and high-tech machinery and equipment, which often have incomparable advantages and powerful functions in some aspects. However, compared with the creatures in nature, it is far behind in terms of structural characteristics, movement characteristics, adaptability, and survivability. This is because the organisms in nature have experienced hundreds of millions of years of adaptation, evolution, and development, and have withstood harsh natural selection, which makes the organisms unique and ingenious in these aspects, and makes their biological characteristics tend to be perfect. The way is natural, and the inspiration of technological inventions is obtained by learning from nature. Using the principle of bionics, it is often possible to design machinery and equipment with more flexible movement characteristics and more reasonable structural characteristics.
4.1 Principles of Intelligent Insect Robot Technology Development
Due to the deterioration of the earth's environment and frequent natural disasters, highly automated equipment that can adapt to complex, harsh, and dangerous environments is required to carry out operations to ensure the safety of relevant personnel and improve rescue efficiency and operational capabilities. And bionics is to obtain design inspiration from nature by studying the structure, shape, principle, behavior and interaction of biological systems, and to design machines and equipment that have both the advantages of machines and biology. These machines and equipment have many uses in military and disaster relief; for example, in military operations, dangerous operations such as attack and mine clearance, in disaster relief, entering dangerous environments to search and rescue personnel and transport materials; in addition, in human space exploration, It also plays an irreplaceable role in the exploration of unknown environments such as planetary exploration and deep-sea exploration.
The design and research of intelligent insect robot mainly involves technologies such as embedded technology, bluetooth communication, sensor, digital electronics and analog electronics. With the rapid development of electronic technology and computer technology and other disciplines in recent years, embedded technology, as a comprehensive cross-cutting technology, has also made great progress. Embedded system, as an application-oriented system capable of performing specific functions and tailoring software and hardware, can meet the strict requirements of application systems for power consumption, cost, reliability, etc., so it has achieved great development in recent years. As a typical application of embedded systems, the currently widely used mobile terminal devices——smart phones also belong to the category of embedded devices. Through the mobile embedded device as the control terminal, the remote and convenient control of embedded application products with special functions has been carried out, and many modern products have been born, which greatly facilitate people's life and work.
After more than 30 years of development, embedded technology has crossed 4 stages: in the initial stage, embedded technology was only a system designed and constructed using a single chip as the core programmable controller; later developed to include a CPU and a simple operating system The new embedded technology has entered the second stage of the development of embedded technology; the third stage is marked by mature embedded systems; the fourth stage is currently in its main sign is the introduction of Internet technology, which is the computer, The result of the convergence of technologies such as communications, microelectronics, and semiconductors.
Since Bluetooth communication technology was first proposed by Ericsson in 1994, it has developed rapidly due to its support for multi-device connection and solved the problem of data synchronization. At present, the management organization Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth Special Interest Group, Bluetooth Technology Alliance) has Released the 5th generation version "Bluetooth 5". At present, more advanced Bluetooth modules adopt Bluetooth low energy technology (Bluetooth low energy, BLE), which reduces the power consumption of the module while achieving longer distance transmission.
In addition, as one of the three pillars of information technology, sensors, computers and communication technologies are all important symbols of the development level of modern information technology. Sensors are an important means of obtaining information, and can convert specific measured physical quantities into usable output signals. Sensing technology has also been greatly developed with the progress of modern science. Generally speaking, the development of sensor technology has gone through three stages: structural sensors, solid sensors, and smart sensors. Because of its close relationship with modern science, it has greatly promoted and helped the further development of various disciplines. Many developed countries regard it as a symbol of the times, and my country has also listed sensors as a key scientific and technological research and development in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". one of the items.
Compared with wheeled robots, insect robots have unique advantages in unstructured and harsh geographical environments, and can reach places where conventional wheeled machines cannot move. This article is based on the intelligent insect robot realized by Arduino main control, which integrates distance sensor, bluetooth communication, infrared communication, signal light, buzzer and TTL serial voice module, and through the overall coordination control of the main control chip ATmega328, it solves the problem in actual operation. The problems encountered in automatic obstacle avoidance, remote control, cluster interactive communication, intelligent prompts, etc., have stronger adaptability and flexibility in the face of complex terrain.
4.2 Overall Architecture of Intelligent Insect Robot
According to the main functional requirements of the intelligent insect robot, the overall hardware architecture shown in Figure 1 is designed.
Among them, the Bluetooth communication is realized through the Risym HC-05 wireless Bluetooth module. This module is responsible for communicating with the mobile phone control terminal APP, receiving the command request sent by the APP, and transferring it to the ATmega328 microprocessor for execution. The GP2Y0A21 distance sensor monitors the obstacle information in the surrounding environment of the robot in real time, and sends the acquired sensor data to the ATmega328 microprocessor for processing. The power module is responsible for supplying power to the robot as a whole. The serial port debugging module is responsible for connecting with the PC for firmware programming and related debugging. Three micro servo motors are integrated in the system to provide power for the robot to walk. The infrared communication module realizes the two functions of receiving and sending, and provides support for the cooperative communication between robots. The buzzer module is used to alert the robot when it encounters obstacles or emergencies. The TTL serial voice module is used for voice prompt and voice interaction to the user. The signal light module prompts for power status, Bluetooth connection status and data transmission status.
5. Design process of intelligent robot scheme
5.1 Main control module
The core of the main control module is the ATmega328 microcontroller, the system clock frequency is 16 MHz, and the normal working voltage is DC 5 V. The main control module includes 4 digital input ports, 4 analog input ports, two PWM ports, 1 1 set of UART ports, 1 set of I2C ports, 1 set of Micro USB ports, 2 sets of power ports.
5.2 Hardware interface design
(1) Interface overview: In order to realize the required functions of the robot, the interfaces integrated by the hardware main control board are shown in Table 1. Based on the structure and function module design, the hardware main control board structure is shown in Figure 5.
(2) ICSP interface: ICSP-in circuit serial programmable, online serial port programming, its essence is a way of online program programming, the main function is to compile and program user code into the microprocessor ROM.
5.3 Communication protocol
The communication between the robot and the mobile terminal uses Bluetooth communication. The architecture of the Bluetooth protocol can be divided into three parts from bottom to top: hardware layer, protocol layer, and application layer. Among them, the hardware layer mainly includes a link management layer (LM), a baseband layer (BB) and a radio frequency layer (RF). The protocol layer includes Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) and Telephony Communication Protocol (TCS).
Similar to the commonly used Socket socket communication mode, Bluetooth Socket and Bluetooth Server Socket act as client and server respectively in Bluetooth Socket communication. First, a Bluetooth Socket object is created by the Bluetooth Server Socket object on the server side, and the accept() of the Bluetooth Server Socket is called to obtain it, while the client obtains it by calling the createRfcomm Socket To Service Record() of the Bluetooth Device; after the server starts the service, accept() blocks until the client connect() successfully connects to the server, and the server returns the Bluetooth Socket object to the client. After the connection is established, the Bluetooth Socket object of the server and client can obtain the input and output streams, so as to carry out the next communication .
5.4 Robot software development
Carry out Bluetooth connection and communication tests in sequence according to the Bluetooth connection process. First turn on the Bluetooth, and search for the Bluetooth module integrated in the robot through the search device for pairing. After the pairing is successful, establish a connection through CONNECT. After the connection is established, the robot can be controlled by the control button.
After the control test of the mobile terminal of the insect robot, the automatic obstacle avoidance test of the insect robot was carried out. The test results prove that the robot can move in various irregular terrains and automatically avoid the obstacles encountered within a reasonable range. In addition, through the joint test between multiple robots, the effectiveness of infrared cluster communication between robots is verified, and the intelligent voice prompt and buzzer warning functions are tested with a specific robot, and the results prove that the TTL serial voice module effectiveness.
6. History and development prospects of intelligent robots
An intelligent robot is an automated machine that has some intelligent capabilities similar to humans or other creatures, such as perception, planning, action, and coordination, and is highly flexible. Compared with ordinary robots, intelligent robots have the ability to perceive the surrounding environment, and can analyze the surrounding environment, adjust their behavior to meet the requirements of the operator, and can even respond to insufficient information and rapid changes in the environment. Complete the action. The application scenarios of intelligent robots have been greatly expanded with the continuous development of technology. In various fields such as industrial and agricultural development, social services, and military affairs, intelligent robots have great development space and application prospects.
The development of robot technology is the result of the common development of science and technology. Its development originated from the shortage of personnel and the aggravation of population aging after the Second World War. The labor force is becoming more and more scarce, and traditional robots cannot be separated from human At this time, people's demand for intelligent robots continues to increase, and the development of technology makes robots more and more intelligent.
We generally divide robots into three generations: the first generation is "programmable robots"; the second generation is "perception robots"; and the third generation is intelligent robots. In the 1980s, the development of artificial intelligence showed a strong trend. A few years later, the art robot AARON was born, which was able to create some abstract paintings. With the explosion of artificial intelligence, many intelligent robots have gradually been born, and intelligent robots such as intelligent gardeners and surgical robots emerge in endlessly. Now the development of intelligent robots has not stopped, and we are also looking forward to the birth of more convenient robots.
Judging from the current trend, intelligent robots will develop in a more intelligent direction: they can process more information, complete more complex instructions, have a more humanized man-machine interface, and operate more simply. Since its birth, intelligent robots have become more and more closely related to our daily life. From commercial to military, to medical and other fields, there are all intelligent robots. With the increasingly rich functions of intelligent robots, more and more More and more jobs are occupied by intelligent robots, and some jobs no longer even require humans. At this time, many people start to worry about their employment.
7. Application Scenarios of Intelligent Robots
7.1 Application of intelligent robots in business
The most common application of intelligent robots in business is the sweeping robot. The sweeping robot uses information fusion technology and machine vision technology to automatically complete the floor cleaning work in the room, thereby completing the floor cleaning. It uses its own radar to map the room layout, and automatically plans the best cleaning route, and can automatically return to the charging place for charging when the battery is insufficient.
Express sorting is also a typical application field of intelligent robots. Recently, the fully automatic express sorting robots of some express companies have attracted widespread attention. The express sorting robot mainly sorts small packages with a length of no more than 60cm, a width of no more than 50cm, and a weight of less than 5kg. The sorter only needs to place the goods on the sorting robot, and the rest is handled by the sorting robot. The sorting robot can automatically scan the code and weigh the goods, and can automatically plan the best delivery route according to the delivery location of the goods.
7.2 Application of intelligent robots in military
Intelligent military robots can perform a variety of tasks more efficiently on the battlefield and replace humans in cumbersome or high-risk tasks. Intelligent robots have broad application prospects in military affairs, so they are valued by countries all over the world. "Three defense" reconnaissance robots can be used to detect, identify, mark and sample nuclear contamination, chemical poisoning and biological contamination on the battlefield.
Intelligent robots are mostly used in the military field in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles. The Tianying unmanned aerial vehicle developed by Beihang University, which incorporates a more advanced flight control system, can automatically search and track targets during reconnaissance; during electronic warfare, It only needs the ground controller to send a command, and the Tianying UAV can automatically comprehensively process information such as the target position, the performance of its own characters and equipment, and its own flight altitude and speed, automatically generate the best route, and automatically enter the attack state or confrontation state. It also has the ability to automatically strike targets.
7.3 Application of Intelligent Robots in Medical Care
Intelligent robots can be used for disease diagnosis in medical treatment, such as analyzing medical images, judging diseases, and proposing treatment plans by comparing similar cases. In a medical field with complex information and a huge scale, such as cancer treatment, it is difficult for humans to fully analyze all the information, so misdiagnosis often occurs. Comprehensive analysis of all aspects of information, thereby reducing the misdiagnosis rate, is the value of intelligent robot disease diagnosis. According to IBM, Watson may process information faster and make smarter medical recommendations than any machine before it. Watson can quickly give diagnostic tips and treatment advice by asking patients about their symptoms and medical history, and by using artificial intelligence technology, etc., to synthesize information obtained from various channels. Watson can diagnose patients more accurately than even highly qualified doctors.
Surgery is an important means of treating patients, and when there are many patients who need surgery, it is often difficult for human beings to cope with their limited physical strength, eyesight and energy. The birth of surgical robots has greatly reduced the burden on human beings. The high-magnification three-dimensional lens allows people to see more clearly, thereby improving the accuracy of surgery. The use of robotic arms can make the incision wounds smaller, and the chief surgeon controls the robotic arm to perform surgery. The trouble of sweating during the operation is eliminated, and the intelligent shock absorption of the control system also avoids misoperation caused by the doctor's hand shaking.
The scene of the "Da Vinci" surgical robot suturing grape skins that appeared in the past few years made people marvel at the precision of the surgical robot. It can be precise and tireless. The surgical robot is bound to become a good helper in the human medical field.
8. Key technologies of intelligent robots
8.1 Human-computer interaction technology
Human-computer interaction is a technology that realizes the dialogue between human and computer in an effective way through computer input and output devices. With the development of computer technology, the dialogue language between human and computer is more diverse, it can be sound signal, action signal, even brain wave signal and so on.
Traditional robots can only perform actions according to the programmed instructions. If you need to change the task, you need to change the program or even rewrite a whole set of programs. Today's intelligent robots can already do it through advanced human-computer interaction technology. Modify the task instructions at any time, and do not need to write the program, only one sentence or one action can make the robot execute another instruction. Compared with traditional robots, the interactive mode of intelligent robots is more convenient and flexible.
The application fields of human-computer interaction are very extensive, such as motion recognition technology applied to wearable computers, tactile interaction technology applied to virtual reality, remote control robots and telemedicine, intelligent voice input technology applied to smartphones, etc.
8.2 Information Fusion Technology
Information fusion refers to the information processing process of using computer technology to automatically analyze and comprehensively process the observation information of several sensors obtained in time series under certain criteria to complete the required decision-making and estimation tasks. Comprehensive processing of various information is one of the values of intelligent robots. After intelligent robots collect various information such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, etc., the problem of information redundancy needs to be solved, and information fusion must be carried out.
In the military field, the flight of an aircraft is affected by factors such as wind speed, wind direction, and altitude. We need to comprehensively consider this series of information to make decisions. At this time, information fusion technology will be used. As mentioned above, the comprehensive processing of the Tianying UAV's own mission equipment, target position, flight altitude and speed and other information is to fuse this series of parameters, and the automatic generation of the best route is the result of information fusion. decision making.
8.3 Machine Vision Technology
Machines need to perceive the external environment, and the most important thing is to obtain external information through machine vision technology. Machine vision refers to taking visual information as input, processing the information, and extracting useful information for the machine.
Machine vision systems are widely used in the fields of working condition monitoring, finished product inspection and quality control in the modern automatic production process. For example, in medical image analysis, through machine vision technology, the medical system can convert image information into digital signals, so as to perform operations such as blood cell classification and counting of images, and chromosome status analysis; in metal flaw detection, through machine vision technology, Analyze the internal condition of the metal.
Machine vision is often used in areas that involve environments that are not suitable for human work or where the accuracy of human vision is not enough to meet the requirements, similar to automatic damage control systems on metal plate surfaces, automobile body inspection systems, intelligent traffic management systems, and automobile production lines. Inspection systems, etc. are closely related to machine vision technology.
epilogue
This paper researches and analyzes the working principle and related technologies of intelligent insect robots, and deeply explores the advantages and specific applicable scenarios of this type of robots in practical applications. Based on the above research and analysis, specific solutions are proposed for the overall architecture, core modules, and system implementation of insect robots, which can realize functions such as automatic obstacle avoidance, remote control, cluster communication interaction, and intelligent prompts, and are tested in the actual operating environment. verified.
In addition, single-chip microcomputer technology is widely used in industrial control, intelligent instruments, electromechanical products, household appliances and other fields, and is one of the cores of automatic control technology. The movement of the robot has become more coordinated, and the design and manufacture of the structure has become more simplified, and the stability of the robot has been improved because of the wide application of single-chip technology in the robot control system. At present, the application of single-chip microcomputer technology in my country's robot control system is still in its infancy, and the development of intelligent robots will also achieve a qualitative leap with the continuous development and improvement of single-chip microcomputer control technology.
The development of intelligent robots has had a great impact on traditional industries, but it has also spawned new occupations similar to "robot assistants", just like traditional machinery born in the industrial revolution replaced manual work, but it also brought new industries. same profession. Human work will transition from simple repetitive work to more creative work. The popularity of intelligent robots is unavoidable. We can only continuously improve our overall quality to avoid being replaced.
The above are the details of the intelligent robot solution introduced by Shenzhen Zuchuang Microelectronics Co., Ltd. for you. If you have electronic function development needs for intelligent robots, you can trust us. We have rich experience in customizing and developing electronic products. We can evaluate the development cycle and IC price as soon as possible, and can also calculate PCBA quotations. We are a number of chip agents at home and abroad: Songhan, Yingguang, Jieli, Ankai, Quanzhi, realtek, with MCU, voice IC, Bluetooth IC and module, wifi module. Our development capabilities cover PCB design, single-chip microcomputer development, Bluetooth technology development, software customization development, APP customization development, WeChat official account development and other hardware and software design. It can also undertake the research and development of smart electronic products, the design of household appliances, the development of beauty equipment, the development of Internet of Things applications, the design of smart home solutions, the development of TWS earphones, the development of Bluetooth earphone speakers, the development of children's toys, and the development of electronic education products.
- TOP