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Charging treasure solution
Power bank, also known as mobile power supply, is a portable charger that can be carried by individuals and can store electric energy. It is mainly used for charging small consumer electronics products, especially for occasions where there is no external power supply. Its main components include: a battery used for electric energy storage, a circuit (DC-DC converter) for stabilizing the output voltage, and most mobile power supplies have a charger for charging the built-in battery.
With the advancement of science and technology, people's lives are increasingly dependent on various electronic products, such as mobile phones, smart bracelets, watches, etc. The popularity of these smart products has also made charging treasures a necessity in most people's lives. However, the charging treasure product itself has certain limitations, and there are some inconveniences in use. For example, when charging the power bank, the connection between the power supply and the mobile phone is limited within a certain distance, which reduces the convenience of carrying the mobile phone. The data cable attached to the power bank is independent as a product, which increases the burden of carrying. It is necessary to design the power bank to improve its portability and usability.
1. The working principle of charging treasure
The main function of mobile power is the storage and release of electric energy, and its working process is divided into two steps: charging and discharging. The first is the storage process of electrical energy. We need to input electrical energy from the input circuit at 5V, and through the step-down circuit, convert it into chemical energy and store it in a 37V lithium battery. When in use, the chemical energy in the battery is converted into a 5V voltage output through a booster circuit to realize the release of electric energy. The whole process is based on the conversion of electric energy and the rise and fall of voltage, so according to the difference of each step and function, we can divide the circuit on the PCB into control circuit (CPU), boost circuit (discharge), step-down circuit ( Charging), protection circuit (protection board) four parts.
2. The structural components of the power bank
The charging treasures on the existing market are basically composed of a fixed casing, a storage cell, a boost system and a charging management system.
Shell: plastic shell (general charging treasures are mainly made of ABS/PC material) and metal shell (aviation aluminum shell, etc.).
Power bank battery: the battery core is the core part of the power bank, and it is the power storage of the power bank, which is composed of batteries. Commonly used batteries include polymer lithium batteries, 18650 lithium batteries, and AAA Ni-MH batteries.
Boost system: The mainstream boost technology basically adopts the DC-DC boost method. Domestic technology conversion efficiency is generally low, generally in the range of 50-70. The output power of the power supply is calculated according to the conversion efficiency of the product. Take a 5000mAh power bank as an example: actual output capacity = (power bank capacity 5000mAhx3.7Vx conversion rate 85%)/5V=3145mAh.
Charging management system: At present, the domestic charging management system is relatively mature, and the intelligent IC monitors the entire charging process. Mainstream management ICs include ZS6366, PX40, etc. Charging time 5000maH battery charging about 8 hours. Too fast charging will have a bad effect on the life of the battery.
3. Portable power bank design
Portability design refers to a design that is easy to carry and easy to use. Its design has characteristics that allow users to quickly understand various usage information of the designed product. According to the design concept of portability, the power bank is analyzed and designed. It aims to meet more user needs through innovation. It achieves simple design features in appearance, realizes scalability in functions, and fully embodies the design features of portability in the design of power banks.
1. Overall design of power bank system
The portable power bank can charge ordinary equipment and also charge the battery at the same time. In addition, the data cable is integrated with the charging treasure, and the portable function of the charging treasure is expanded through the ingenious design of the data cable.
2. Charging treasure function setting
A mobile phone battery storage space is designed on one side of the power bank, and the spare mobile phone battery can be placed directly inside. After the mobile phone battery is put in, use the built-in buffer spring area to fix the battery, adjust the charging spring contact piece to connect with the positive and negative poles of the battery, and then the spare battery can be charged. While charging the battery, it can also charge other devices. It maximizes the charging efficiency and brings convenience to users.
Most of the existing charging treasures adopt a modular form in which the main body and the data line are separated. When using it, you need to insert the USB interface of the data cable into the output port of the power bank, and then connect the other end to the device that needs to be charged. When going out or traveling, the data cable is often forgotten or lost, which affects the use of the power bank. If the data cable is fixed on the power bank, this embarrassing situation can be avoided. The designed portable power bank fixes the A-type male port of the data cable on the right side of the power bank to realize an integrated design: a square notch is designed on the right side, and three cards are designed on the upper, middle and lower parts of the notch. The flattened data cable is wrapped in the notch for storage, and the output port is fixed on the bayonet. When stuck in the bayonet in the middle, the data cable extends outward and can be used as a handle, which is convenient for carrying the power bank.
Omit the external connection and use the A-type male port, and directly connect the A-type male port data running line to the inside of the power bank. This design not only reduces the consumption of manufacturing materials, but also avoids the loss of data lines. On the basis of convenient storage, the additional function of "liftable" is added.
3. Material selection of power bank
The material selection of charging treasure is very important for charging treasure. The core components of the charging treasure are the battery core, IC protection chip, casing, charging and discharging port, etc. Batteries are mainly divided into ordinary lithium-ion batteries and lithium polymer batteries. There is a big difference between polymer batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Polymer batteries have a higher capacity than lithium batteries, and are safer and will not explode. From a safety point of view, lithium polymer batteries are undoubtedly safer and more reliable.
IC chip is an important core component of power bank. First, the IC chip can detect whether the boost circuit system is perfect to ensure the boost conversion efficiency (generally the conversion rate is not less than 80%). Second, the IC chip can perform load protection such as overcharge and overdischarge. Third, it can provide intelligent power display, so that people can know the power at a glance.
The casing of the charging treasure is mostly made of plastic and metal materials. Among metal materials, aluminum alloy is commonly used. Among plastics, ABS resin is commonly used. ABS resin has the characteristics of impact resistance, heat resistance, low temperature resistance, and good surface gloss. It is easy to paint and color, and can also be used for metal spraying and electroplating on the surface. In addition, this material can well protect the battery cells and electric boards in the power bank, and can avoid potential safety hazards caused by improper materials. Considering the need of cost and convenience, the shell of the portable charging treasure is made of ABS+PC in plastic material. The ABS+PC material has the advantages of good gloss, light specific gravity and low price through the surface spraying of metal, electroplating and other operations. Most of the products present a relatively delicate surface effect, which is very in line with the portable design concept and use needs.
The material selection of the charging and discharging port adopts the commonly used Mini B type 5Pin port and lightning port. Can be used for Android and Apple devices in the market.
4. Man-Machine Considerations for Power Banks
In the process of product design and use, human-computer factors are indispensable. In the design process, the user's feelings should be fully considered, and the design should be carried out based on the actual needs of the user. The man-machine reference of the portable power bank needs to meet the forceful grasp in the grasping method, that is, the palm and fingers need to be forceful at the same time. In terms of muscle strength adaptability, the thickness of the power bank should be similar to the thickness of the mobile phone. Compared with the hand-held mobile phone, the fork distance of the tiger's mouth and index finger should not be too large in the size of the hand control part of the power bank. Too large will easily cause hand fatigue. While maintaining a thickness suitable for gripping, the length-to-width ratio of the power bank should not exceed the range that can be held by the hand. Try to keep the center of gravity of the power bank within the area of the palm and the first joint of the finger.
Referring to the above man-machine requirements, man-machine experiments were carried out, and the final size of the portable power bank was: 175mm in length, 50mm in width, and 19mm in thickness. On the premise of avoiding hand fatigue, add space for charging ports and data cables on the upper left and right sides of the power bank to increase friction and facilitate grip.
5. Psychological analysis of the shape design of charging treasure
A good product design should infiltrate consumers' aesthetic concepts in the process of appearance design. As portable electronic products with certain functions, consumers also pay attention to their appearance characteristics. Therefore, mainstream manufacturers are also increasing the research and development of product appearances that conform to consumers' aesthetics while increasing the innovation of battery power management technology.
Color is an important component of product aesthetics. According to color theory and color matching principles, a purposeful color configuration plan can create beautiful and ideal product color effects. There are many colors of charging treasures on the market, such as the silver and gold of Meteor. The design of the portable power bank uses white as the main color, and white means pure, which symbolizes purity, simplicity and elegance. As the extreme color of non-color, white, like black, forms a bright contrast and harmonious relationship with all colors, and has a good visual communication ability. In addition, white can be matched with many colors, which is in line with the role of charging treasure to assist the operation of other electronic products. At the same time, the occasions for using the power bank are complex and diverse, and white can better match other colors.
Portable charging treasure has achieved innovations in both function and use by further designing the current ordinary charging treasure: it has solved the problem of lengthy winding of external data cables, expanded the function of data cables as handles, and improved the performance of charging treasures. Portability; a space is added to place the battery of the mobile phone, while charging the battery, it can also charge other mobile devices, which improves work efficiency. The overall design fully considers the man-machine performance and the user's psychological factors, providing users with a different experience.
4. Multifunctional mobile power solution design
After sufficient market research, it is found that consumers have more expectations for other extended functions of power bank besides the demand for mobile power bank charging itself. According to the questionnaire survey, people hope that the data transmission function can be realized through the power bank, which is convenient for data copying, etc.; and they hope to solve the problem of insufficient USB slots during office hours. In addition, some smart devices use 9V, 12V or 20V power adapters, while the current mainstream charging treasures all use 5V voltage output, which shows that the current charging treasures are not very versatile. Therefore, based on market demand, we designed and researched a new multi-functional power bank. Can effectively solve the above problems.
The multi-functional power bank can reduce the need to carry data cables, conversion interfaces and conversion heads when people travel. In the era of big data, the OTG function and HUB function of the multi-function power bank provide a stable, fast and safe data exchange method. The booster module of the multi-function power bank increases the versatility of the power bank, and can be used with electronic devices of different specifications and voltages in an emergency, which brings great convenience to people's lives. The power bank in this design integrates multiple functions, but with almost no increase in cost and no reduction in capacity, data interaction capabilities, boosting capabilities, and slot expansion functions are added to the original power bank. . These small functions greatly reduce the burden of travel, and have great promotion and application value and great practical economic benefits.
5.Multi-function power bank function
This research adds auxiliary functions to the existing power bank charging and discharging functions. For example, the OTG function is convenient for data copy and information exchange between mobile devices; at the same time, it has the HUB function to solve the troubles often caused by the USB port of the computer; Equipment (computer, etc.) emergency power supply. The whole device of multi-function power bank is composed of lithium battery, LED flashlight, LCD display, switch button (function switch button), HUB module, OTG circuit, adjustable boost circuit, intelligent management, and dual-function data line, as shown in Figure 1 Show.
1. The original function of charging treasure
In this design, the power bank still uses a cost-effective lithium battery. In addition to constantly displaying the remaining power, the LCD display can also display the current state of the power bank (OUT-output, IN-input, OTG function, HUB function) and the output voltage of the USB port. Retain the lighting and other functions of the original power bank.
2. Additional functions of power bank
OTG function: OTG is mainly used in the connection between various devices or mobile devices for data exchange. The realization of the OTG function in this design is mainly realized by the intelligent management chip and the dual-function data line. If you need to read hard disk and other devices, you can use the power bank to provide additional power to solve the problem of insufficient power.
HUB function: the uplink port is connected to HOST equipment such as a PC through a dual-function data cable, and the downlink port is connected to the first and second USB ports, and then connected to keyboard, mouse, U disk, printer and other equipment.
Adjustable boost function: This power bank contains a DC adjustable boost module, which converts the 2.7-4.2V voltage of the battery cell into the required 5V-21V voltage to charge the target device. However, the larger the converted voltage difference, the greater the energy consumption of the circuit. It is recommended that electronic equipment higher than 10V be used only for emergency use.
3. Intelligent charging management
The circuit of the charging treasure contains protection circuits (overcharge, overdischarge, high temperature protection), boost circuit, intelligent management chip, which cooperate with other functional modules to increase the practicality and stability of the charging treasure. Among them, the intelligent management chip intelligently manages the charge and discharge function, OTG function, HUB function and adjustable boost function, and performs function switching according to the needs of users.
4. Dual function data cable
The difference from ordinary data lines is that an extra switch is connected between the ID pin and G ND. By turning on and off the switch, the machine can distinguish who is the host and who is the Device. When the switch is turned off, it is powered by external devices like ordinary data lines; when the switch is closed, it is equivalent to OTG data lines, the mobile phone chip detects the low potential of the ID pin, and the mobile phone supplies power to peripherals such as U disk.
The above are the details of the power bank solution introduced by Shenzhen Zuchuang Microelectronics Co., Ltd. for you. If you have electronic function development needs for mobile power supplies, you can rest assured to entrust them to us. We have rich experience in customized development of electronic products, and can evaluate the development cycle and IC price as soon as possible, and can also calculate PCBA quotations. We are a number of chip agents at home and abroad: Songhan, Yingguang, Jieli, Ankai, Quanzhi, realtek, with MCU, voice IC, Bluetooth IC and module, wifi module. Our development capabilities cover PCB design, single-chip microcomputer development, Bluetooth technology development, software customization development, APP customization development, WeChat official account development and other hardware and software design. It can also undertake the research and development of smart electronic products, the design of household appliances, the development of beauty equipment, the development of Internet of Things applications, the design of smart home solutions, the development of TWS earphones, the development of Bluetooth earphone speakers, the development of children's toys, and the development of electronic education products.
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